I hope you are well and enjoying the start of spring. We have been very busy at Kingsway over the last few months. As a result, there has been an influx of new products. So I thought I would take this opportunity to fill you in.

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Vitamin B12 plays a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system, along with the formation of blood. It is normally involved in the metabolism of every cell of the body, especially affecting the DNA synthesis and regulation but also fatty acid synthesis and energy production.

Vitamin B12 is unique among the vitamins because it contains a metal ion (cobalt) located in the center of its activity. For this reason cobalamin is the term used when referring to compounds having B12 activity. Methylcobalamin and 5-dexoyadenosyl cobalamin (also known as adenosylcobalamin) are the forms of vitamin B12 used in the human body. Many commercial supplements on the market use cyanocobalamin; this form of vitamin B12 needs to be converted by the body to methylcobalamin or adenosylcobalamin.

Methylcobalamin is vital for the functioning of a folate-dependent enzyme known as methionine synthase. This enzyme is essential for the conversion of homocysteine to methionine (an area of great concern in autism and cardiovascular disease, among other conditions). Methionine is an amino acid which is required for the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe); a methyl group donor used in many biological methylation reactions.

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Kingsway Compounding is pleased to officially announce the addition of a dedicated sterile compounding room to its state of the art compounding laboratory at Brookvale. We now have the ability to compound sterile pharmaceuticals such as eye drops, eye ointments, injections and infusions.

The sterile compounding room has been through a full certification process and we have fully trained staff on site making up the sterile compounds. This is to ensure the highest standard of quality, which you have grown to trust and expect.

Kingsway Compounding is now also making up Methylcobalamin (Methyl B12) injections as per Jim Neubrander’s protocol. Following 12 months of extensive research and development, we released our first batches in March of this year and are very confident we have a stable, potent and efficacious product.

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Biotin is a water soluble vitamin, generally classified as a B-complex vitamin and is required by all organisms. It is obtained from food however most foods are poor sources of biotin, so a low intake is common (exceptions are biotin-rich foods such as egg yolk, kidney, liver and some cheeses). Scientists have also discovered that a portion of the biotin we use comes from the intestinal flora (such as E coli and bifidobacteria) found in a healthy human gut.

Biotin deficiency was once thought to be rare because such small amounts are required and clinical signs of deficiency are non-specific. However, recent findings are shifting the clinical outlook for biotin deficiency.

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Fructose malabsorption is a gastro-intestinal disorder, characterized by the inability to absorb fructose efficiently. As a consequence fructose reaches the colon where it is broken down by bacteria into short chain fatty acids, CO2, lactic acid, CH4 (methane) and H2 (hydrogen). This will usually induce bloating, cramps, osmotic diarrhea along with other symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and can be seen in about 50% of fructose malabsorbers.

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Oxytocin is a nine-amino-acid peptide that is synthesised in the hypothalamus and released into the bloodstream via the pituitary gland where it plays an important role in facilitating uterine contractions during childbirth and in milk let-down. In addition, oxytocin (along with the structurally similar peptide vasopressin) is released within the brain where it plays a key role in regulating associated behaviours, such as mother–infant and adult–adult bond formation, sexual behaviour and social memory/recognition. Recent studies have also begun to investigate oxytocin’s role in various other behaviours including social recognition, orgasm, maternal behaviors, anxiety, trust, love, stress reactivity and repetitive behaviours.

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This week I am going to discuss Bethanechol – a prescription only, choline-like substance which stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system. Bethanechol is derived from Betel nuts, and is an old drug which was originally used to treat urinary retention, stuttering and to stimulate GI motility.

Bethanechol is classified as a parasympathomimetic choline ester. Parasympatho-mimetic drugs act by stimulating (or mimicking) the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS). Bethanochol selectively stimulates muscarinic receptors (with further selectivity for M3 receptors*) without any effect on nicotinic receptors. Unlike acetylcholine, bethanechol is not broken down by cholinesterase and will therefore have a long duration of action.

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This week I am going to discuss Hypochlorhydria – a condition where there is a lack of adequate stomach acid, i.e. hydrochloric acid (HCl) being secreted into the stomach.

Hypochlorhydria can lead to many health issues. Food that is not broken down moves from the stomach, into the small intestine and colon, and then exits the body unutilised. High acid levels are required for the break down of many trace minerals such as zinc, iron, copper, magnesium, calcium, boron, selenium, and vitamins B12 and B3.

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This week I am going to discuss a syndrome which is associated with abnormal intestinal permeability; commonly referred to as Leaky Gut Syndrome.

Leaky Gut Syndrome is a condition that is seen when the walls of the small intestine are damaged. A healthy intestine allows only nutrients to pass into the bloodstream. However, when the gut wall is damaged, larger molecules such as incompletely digested fats, proteins, starches, and even bacteria, also permeate the intestinal wall.

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This week I am going to discuss Vitamin D. This fat soluble compound exists in many forms however the form utilized primarily by humans is vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol).

Vitamin D is a regulator of calcium and phosphorus status; both of which are vital for normal functioning of the nervous system, as well as for bone growth and density. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, autism and asthma, among other conditions (see below for more information). Evidence has shown that vitamin D is not stored in our bodies until a level of 50ng/ml is reached, which is why at Kingsway we recommend that patients use a starting dose of 50,000IU daily for three days, and then drop back to a maintenance dose of 4000-5000IU daily.

Animals (including humans) convert cholesterol to 7-dehydrocholesterol, which is a precursor to vitamin D3. Exposure to ultra violet light in sunlight (UVB radiation) converts 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin to vitamin D3. In fact, adequate exposure to sunlight can eliminate the requirement for vitamin D in the diet, making it only “conditionally essential.” Vitamin D3 is not itself biologically active, but must be modified by the body to have any physiological effects.

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This week I am going to discuss Vitamin A; an antioxidant and general immune enhancer (specific against measles), which is commonly known as the “anti-infective vitamin.”

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I hope you had a lovely Christmas and a relaxing break. Our first newsletter for 2010 is going to look at one of our more popular supplements… Calcium / Magnesium. They are both classified as “essential minerals” which humans require for good health. Like all minerals, Calcium and Magnesium cannot be made in our body and must therefore be plentiful in our diet in order for us to remain healthy.

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PRACTITIONER VIEW ONLY: Welcome to the last newsletter for 2009! To close off the year I am going to discuss Low Dose Lithium. Studies done over the years have repeatedly shown that very low amounts of lithium can significantly influence brain function for the better (as reflected in behaviour).

Not a registered Practitioner?, Register here. Be sure to have your Practitioner ID ready to include in the registration process.

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Learning how to swallow capsules (or tablets) can be very challenging for children, as well as for some adults. We teach children not to swallow anything until it has been completely chewed and not to put strange objects in their mouths; so it is only natural that they find it difficult to swallow a capsule. Also some people have narrow throats, sensitive palates or a very strong “gag reflex”, which can initially make swallowing larger objects uncomfortable.

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PRACTITIONER VIEW ONLY: Naltrexone itself is a TGA approved medication (brand name Revia), which has been used since the 1970’s as an opiate antagonist for treating opiate drug and alcohol addiction. At regular dosing, to treat addiction, usually 50-150mg a day, it has shown to block the euphoric response to opiate drugs such as heroin, morphine and alcohol. Dr Jaquelyn McCandless (author of Children with Starving Brains), along with many other DAN! Doctors have tried Naltrexone as an opioid blocker in the hope it would offset the opioid effects of the large peptides in wheat and milk that are thought to affect most ASD patient adversely. However, unfortunately they did not find it to be useful for that purpose.

Not a registered Practitioner?, Register here. Be sure to have your Practitioner ID ready to include in the registration process.

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One of the hardest tasks a parent has is to give their children medicines. Children hide, run, struggle or even fight back physically when it’s time for their medication. As a result, many parents have to resort to force, threats and bribery to ensure their kids take their prescriptions

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PRACTITIONER VIEW ONLY: This week I am going to discuss Candida Overgrowth. In the past 20 years, overgrowth in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the usually benign Candida albicans has become increasingly recognized as a complex medical syndrome known as Candidiasis, or yeast syndrome.

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PRACTITIONER VIEW ONLY: GABA helps to “balance” the brain by preventing over-firing of the nerve cells. It contributes to motor control, vision, and many other cortical functions. Anxiety has also shown to be regulated by GABA.

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PRACTITIONER VIEW ONLY: Many of our patients use inositol for its calming / relaxing effect. This effect is thought to be due (in part) to its ability to increase GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid) levels. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter which I will be discussing in more detail in our next newsletter. Inositol has also shown to exert lipotropic activity (fat metabolism in the liver) within the body, and has not

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PRACTITIONER VIEW ONLY:Retention and Constipation. I am going to look at two products which many of our patients are using in their treatment protocol; in both the clean out phase and maintenance phase (please see last week’s newsletter for more information).

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A normally functioning gastro-intestinal (GI) tract is an often overlooked important part of good health. The GI tract is responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrient and fluid as well as protection from absorption of harmful agents. When the GI tract is not well, we can feel quite miserable with stomachache, vomiting, diarrhea or other symptoms, such as behavioral changes or problem behaviors. When healthy it seems to almost go unnoticed. However, it may not call attention to itself even when it is not functioning.

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PRACTITIONER VIEW ONLY:: Melatonin is a naturally-occurring hormone manufactured from serotonin, by methylation, and secreted from the pineal gland (a pea-sized gland at the base of the brain). The exact function of melatonin is still poorly understood, however we do know that it is critically involved in the synchronization of hormone secretion. The natural biorhythm of hormone secretion is referred to as the circadian rhythm. The circadian rhythm is an internal 24-hour time-keeping system that plays a critical role in determining when we fall asleep and when we wake up. This “internal clock” signals the secretion of various hormones at different times to regulate body functions.

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PRACTITIONER VIEW ONLY: EFA’s function as homeostatic constituents of cell membranes, helping to relay signal information from outside the cell to the cell interior and are precursors to eicosanoids that influence other cells, similar to hormones. EFA’s are critical nutrients for humans and are labeled “essential” because our bodies are not able to make them. They enter our body through the food we eat (i.e. our diet) or via supplementation

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PRACTITIONER VIEW ONLY: AFP Peptizyde™ contains digestive enzymes and has been designed to help the body in breaking down proteins. It is a combination of three different proteolytic enzymes isolated from plant sources. These enzymes work only on food proteins (including casein, gluten, meat and soy), not carbohydrates, fats, or other compounds, and do not interfere with medications or other supplements (unless they are also proteins, which is extremely unlikely).

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PRACTITIONER VIEW ONLY:The huge increase in processed carbohydrates, sugars and trans-fatty acids as substitutes for simple fruits, vegetables, proteins and healthy fats in our children’s diets is impacted in an epidemic of behavioural and learning disorders in the Western World

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PRACTITIONER VIEW ONLY: The Promoter provides the building blocks of the metallothionein (MT) protein*. The idea of this supplement is to boost MT function in a natural way, thus allowing the body to then detoxify (or chelate) itself naturally. This may also self-correct some of the other dysfunctions that are present based on MT abnormalities. Many ASD children use this supplement with anecdotal evidence of positive effects.

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PRACTITIONER VIEW ONLY: As with our Primer supplement, the main use of the Primer Plus formulation is in the biochemical treatment of patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). * However, I would also like to point out that these formulations are also commonly used by those suffering from other conditions such as depression, schizophrenia, pyrroluria and ADD/ADHD.

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PRACTITIONER VIEW ONLY: Overmethylating formulation is in the biochemical treatment of patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). * However, the Primer Overmethylating formulation is not solely used in the ASD domain. This supplement has also shown very positive results in children and adults with general symptoms of overmethylation.

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PRACTITIONER VIEW ONLY: As with our Primer supplement, the main use of the Primer Undermethylating formulation is in the biochemical treatment of patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). * However, the Primer Undermethylating formulation is not solely used in the ASD domain. This supplement has also shown very positive results in children and adults with general symptoms of undermethylation.

Not a registered Practitioner?, Register here. Be sure to have your Practitioner ID ready to include in the registration process.

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PRACTITIONER VIEW ONLY: Pyrrole Disorder (also known as Pyrroluria, and formally as Malvaria) is a genetically-based condition which results in the abnormal synthesis/metabolism of hemoglobin. Pyrroluria patients have shown to produce excessive amounts of a hemoglobin metabolite named hydroxyhemoppyrolin-2-one (HPL) or Mauve factor. Mauve factor is excreted via the urine and possesses a pyrrole structure.

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PRACTITIONER VIEW ONLY: Pyrrole Disorder (also known as Pyrroluria, and formally as Malvaria) is a genetically-based condition which results in the abnormal synthesis/metabolism of hemoglobin. Pyrroluria patients have shown to produce excessive amounts of a hemoglobin metabolite named hydroxyhemoppyrolin-2-one (HPL) or Mauve factor. Mauve factor is excreted via the urine and possesses a pyrrole structure.

Not a registered Practitioner?, Register here. Be sure to have your Practitioner ID ready to include in the registration process.

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PRACTITIONER VIEW ONLY: Manganese plays a crucial role in a number of physiological processes in the body; acting as a constituent of some enzymes and an activator of others. It is primarily concentrated in those tissues requiring high energy, such as the brain, pancreas, kidney, liver and bones.

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PRACTITIONER VIEW ONLY:Vitamins C and E are potent antioxidants that work together to fight against the destructive effects of free radicals within the body. Free radicals are “unstable oxygen molecule outlaws” that have the ability to literally pierce through the cell walls and oxidize (or destroy) brain cells. Antioxidants, such as vitamin C and E, have the ability to neutralize free radicals without becoming a free radical themselves, since they are stable in either form. They act as scavengers within the body, helping to prevent a state of oxidative stress, which could then lead to cellular, and tissue damage and the progression of various disease states.

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PRACTITIONER VIEW ONLY: Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), once in its active form of pyridoxal-5-phosphate is an essential cofactor for a majority of metabolic pathways of neurotransmitters, including serotonin, gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA), dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Vitamin B6 can also help accelerate a sluggish methionine metabolism (which I will be looking at in more detail in a future newsletter).

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PRACTITIONER VIEW ONLY: Zinc is an essential micronutrient that the human immune system needs to function at peak performance, it is critical in detoxification; it decreases intestinal permeability and induces many digestive enzymes. Low zinc can potentiate oxidative stress.

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PRACTITIONER VIEW ONLY: This week I am going to give an overview of the Primer. I will then be discussing, over the course of the month, the key nutrients within this formulation and why they are used. This is to ensure that all of you who use this product have a clear understanding of why your practitioner is prescribing this supplement and its specific role in the biomedical treatment process.

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Welcome to our first newsletter of 2009! My name is Eliza Tulloch (Elly) and I will be taking over from Karl in keeping you up-to-date with everything going on at Kingsway Compounding, as well as any new or interesting topics/products within the biomedical field. I am a qualified Nutritionist and Food Technologist, have strong familiarity and experience of the DAN and Pfeiffer treatment protocols, and am a PCCA Trained Compound Technician.

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